RESUMEN
Background: In 2018 we reported the emergence of the new HIV-1 recombinant CRF94-02BF2 involved in a large transmission cluster of 49 French MSM mostly infected in 2016-2017. This CRF94 raised concerns of enhanced virulence. Prevention actions were undertaken in the area and population affected. This study reported the molecular and epidemiological evolution of this CRF94 until June 2022. Method(s): In 2021-2022, French sequence databases were screened for patients infected with HIV-1 subtype CRF94 or similar strain. HIV subtyping was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of genes encoding both protease and reverse transcriptase (1070bps), and integrase (696bps) using IQ-Tree. Five whole genomes, related but distinct from CRF94, were obtained with the DeepChek assay Whole Genome kits. Recombination breakpoints were estimated using RDP4 and SimPlot. Mann-Whitney and LogRank tests were used for statistical analyses to compare patients' characteristics. Result(s): In June 2022, 49 new HIV-1 sequences were collected: 14 clustered with the 49 previous CRF94, 32 formed a new cluster next to but distinct from CRF94, and 3 strains could not be classified. Analysis of 5 whole genomes from the new cluster revealed a new recombinant, the CRF132-94B, mainly consisting of CRF94 which recombined with subtype B in the POL and accessory genes. Vif gene changed from the F2 to the B subtype. Both CRF94 and 132 clusters involved >95% of MSM, mostly infected < 1 year before diagnosis. However, there were differences: 97% were diagnosed in 2013-2019 for CRF94 vs 90% in 2020-2022 for CRF132. At time of diagnosis, 33% of patients infected with CRF94 knew the Prep vs 95% for CRF132. In the cluster CRF94, patients were older (34 vs 30 years, p=0.02), had higher viral loads (5.42 vs 4.42 log10 copies/Ml;p< 0.001), a lower CD4 cell counts (358 vs 508 /mm3, p=0.002). On treatment, the patients with the CRF94 reached viremia < 50 copies/Ml significantly later than those infected with CRF132 (p=0.0002). The prevention activities targeting the CRF94 cluster could explained the few patients infected with this strain after 2018. The CRF132 is mainly located in another Paris region area, but no specific transmission place has been identified. Conclusion(s): After 2019, the CRF94 spread seems greatly slowed down but the very close CRF132-94B has given birth to a new highly active cluster in 2020- 2022, despite the COVID social-distancing and a strong knowledge of the Prep. CRF132 appears to be less virulent perhaps due to the Vif gene change. Identified breakpoints positions of the new HIV-1 CRF132-94B. GenBank accession numbers of the five references : ON901787 to ON901791.
RESUMEN
Paper aims: This paper presents the literature findings of the Covid-19 vaccines supply chain, its main challenges and best practices, which are compared and verified empirically. Originality: The questionnaire developed in this study provides new empirical data about the Covid-19 vaccines supply chain, especially regarding the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in the chain, as these events are still recent. Research method: A questionnaire was sent by e-mail to specialists working with the Covid-19 vaccine supply chain in South America. Each response was compared to the literature findings. Main findings: Despite the challenges faced by vaccination programs, some countries have achieved good results due to strategies adopted at the beginning of their immunization campaigns. The empirical research confirmed that literature findings match business reality, although some empirical results vary depending on the scenario of the country regarding the impacts of the pandemic. Implications for theory and practice: This paper summarizes the Covid-19 vaccine supply chain and its challenges, best practices of the most successful countries regarding the immunization process, providing a better understanding of the pandemic scenario. Some empirical data corroborate the literature, and some discrepancies allow the formulation of suppositions that may be tested in future studies © This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
RESUMEN
This article has as its central theme the legal regulation of the exercise of telemedicine, especially from the context created in the COV1D-19 pandemic. In this sense, the study addresses the legal mechanisms and guidelines given by the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) for the adoption of the practice. As a result, several questions arise regarding the work situation of health professionals who use telemedicine as a work mechanism. The article, therefore, will explain the importance of adopting telemedicine, as well as the problems that arise through it. Copyright © 2023 Beatriz Sena Figueirêdo, Flávia de Paiva Medeiros de Oliveira.
RESUMEN
Pathophysiological characteristics of obesity includes chronic inflammation. Complications in the respiratory tract are related to bodily problems, which lead to a restriction of lung function due to reduced volume, inducing an increase in respiratory work. SARS-CoV-2 has a high potential for contamination by respiratory secretions and, therefore, obesity is one of the main risk factors for complications. The relations between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 are complex, since the immunological agents that are activated by these processes are ubiquitous. It is well-known that network analysis can generate results about the dynamics of complex biological phenomena, such as signalling networks, neural networks, immunological networks, and so on. Here we propose and analysis and interpretation of the complex relationships between obesity and COVID-19 in a meta-analysis study using complex network modelling and the theoretical knockouts technique. In a complex network of this kind, vertices are considered as immunological agents and their relation as directed edges. We built two networks: one related to COVID-19 and obesity (synergy) and another only with COVID-19. In both networks, we have performed the knockout of all 52 vertices. These knockouts indicated that, besides the Infected Host Cell and COVID viral particle, IL-17;CD40, AR and AL channels;and Th17, were the most relevant agents in this complex network. Overall, our study indicated the superior role and importance of IL-17 in this context. Such result corroborates with the role of IL-17 in identification and prognosis of Acute Respiratory Discomfort Syndrome (ARDS).
RESUMEN
The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing social restrictions has been profound, with widespread negative effects on mental health. We made use of the natural language processing and large-scale Twitter data to explore this in depth, identifying emotions in COVID-19 news content and user reactions to it, and how these evolved over the course of the pandemic. We focused on major UK news channels, constructing a dataset of COVID-related news tweets (tweets from news organisations) and user comments made in response to these, covering Jan 2020 to April 2021. Natural language processing was used to analyse topics and levels of anger, joy, optimism, and sadness. Overall, sadness was the most prevalent emotion in the news tweets, but this was seen to decline over the timeframe under study. In contrast, amongst user tweets, anger was the overall most prevalent emotion. Time epochs were defined according to the time course of the UK social restrictions, and some interesting effects emerged regarding these. Further, correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the emotions in the news tweets and the emotions expressed amongst the user tweets made in response, across all channels studied. Results provide unique insight onto how the dominant emotions present in UK news and user tweets evolved as the pandemic unfolded. Correspondence between news and user tweet emotional content highlights the potential emotional effect of online news on users and points to strategies to combat the negative mental health impact of the pandemic. © 2023 Simon L. Evans et al.
RESUMEN
Objective: analyse non-pharmacological measures of prevention of the Covid-19 adopted by health professionals in the Primary Attention to Health in family coexistence.Methods: transversal and analytical study performed with 229 health professionals of the Primary Attention. Data were collected through a virtual questionnaire in the platform SurveyMonkey. The data analysis was performed by the Chi-Square Test, exact of Fisher and logistic regression.Results: most of the professionals used hygiene measures of hands, environment cleaning, food hygiene, use of tissue masks and physical distancing of relatives. Male single/divorced health professionals have smaller chance to adopt environment cleaning, food hygiene and use of tissue masks.Conclusion: the adoption of non-pharmacological measures against Covid-19 by health professionals in family coexistence is essential for reducing contamination risk among their relatives.
RESUMEN
The work shows an application of Geodesign for metropolitan region of Florianópolis, at Santa Catarina state, Brazil, with focus on reducing carbon emissions considering the future scenarios of 2035 and 2050. The research took place with students from the discipline of Multipurpose Land Registry and Territorial Planning related to doctoral course of the Post-Graduate Program in Territorial Planning and Social-environmental Development (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental – PPGPLAN) from the State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC in the year 2021. The students had different training and performances, but all to a greater or lesser degree had experience in urban planning, with 25% knowing the methods and concepts of Geodesign. Due to the conditions of social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the lessons activities took place remotely. Four official weekly meetings and also daily communication were established to carry on the activities, which were performed by WhatsApp, email or even by extra on-line meeting. To assist decision-making on the GISColab Platform, a spreadsheet was created using Excel software that ensured the organization and systematization of proposals, as well as supporting the spatialization of policies and projects. Due to the students’ professional experience, the biggest challenge was shown in the proposition of ideas that corroborated with the initial goal, that was especially focused on territorial planning integrated in multifactorial parameters. In this sense, remote meetings fulfilled the role of initiating remote participatory discussion, sharing ideas and decisions for proposals adopted and approved in groups, but revealed the lack of specialized critical thinking, difficulties in developing territorial planning and defending ideas based on action and reaction that GISColab platform provides. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
RESUMEN
CoVID-19 is a devastating disease that affects different organs and systems in the human body and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This disease had its beginnings in China and has raged around the world, characterizing a pandemic that is difficult to control due to the high transmission capacity of the virus between people. Studies with plants with anti-protozoan activity have been the object of studies for the treatment of CoVID-19, since some of these plants have an antiviral effect. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the use of medicinal plants with antimalarial activity as a possible strategy in CoVID-19 therapy. Dozens of plants with antimalarial activity stood out for having antivirals and, considering the diversity of active compounds present in these plants, it is possible to think of these plants as a potential source of new biologically active compounds that could potentially be applicable in therapy against CoVID-19. © 2022 International Scientific Organization. All Rights Reserved.
RESUMEN
Background: As a care tool for the elderly population, caregivers must have knowledge about the prevention of COVID-19 to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: Describe the process of construction and validation of educational leaflet content for caregivers of the elderly on covid-19 prevention measures. Methods: Methodological study developed in three stages. The first stage corresponds to the literature review;the second involved the construction of the brochure and the last stage was content validation by a committee of twenty-three experts who judged the objectives, structure/presentation and relevance of the brochure from a validated 3-point Likert scale. Items with positive opinions by more than 80.0% were considered adequate. Results: The leaflet was prepared containing six pages, with information on the new coronavirus, forms of transmission, signs and symptoms, protection of the disease, alteration of the routine of daily care, the importance of hand hygiene, surfaces and food;correct use of mask;care for the caregiver or family member;emotional health and how to proceed in case of suspicion of COVID-19. Only one evaluation round was required;the content validity index was 1.0 and the agreement between judges was statistically significant in all domains of the scale (p<0.006). Conclusion: This study provides an educational leaflet with validated content, configuring a capable component to improve the knowledge of caregivers about prevention measures against COVID-19 in the elderly. © 2021 Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto - U.S.P.. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
The social isolation established as a measure to contain the advancement of Covid-19 forced educational institutions, in conformity with Portaria 343/2020, of the Ministry of Education, to replace the classes in person with remote teaching. All levels and modalities of education were affected, generating discussions about distance education and remote teaching. In this paper, we sought to analyze the context of different educational levels and highlight their realities and problems, to reflect on the lessons for public policies in Brazilian education. Therefore, a bibliographic research was carried out as the first step to map the theme. The paper includes the analysis of articles by Brazilian scholars who are references in the studies of education, and of official documents and publications from entities linked to the educational field, such as ANPED, ANDES and MIEIB. We conclude that the context of the pandemic is serving as a justification for reforming Brazilian education, resulting in a process of legitimization of distance education that opens up the serious and historical problems of social inequality, which requires the strengthening of the public character of education and social public policies.
RESUMEN
The current pandemic crisis of COVID-19 provides a set of elements for an analysis from the perspective of geopolitics that refer to several constrains, the most salient of which concerns the recurring tension between national and supranational legitimacy in the context of contemporary international relations. We chose to examine this situation by confronting the ongoing episode with the lesson from the two previous sporadic pandemics of the 21st century, SARS (2003) and H1N1 (2009-2010) outbreaks. At the same time, we focus on the dispute played out by China and the USA over these years with the World Health Organization, the multilateral agency whose cooperation logic serves as a pretext for a dispute between the power of States and the internationalist purposes proper to the institutional architecture of the United Nations.
RESUMEN
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating the prevalence of mental disorders in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This is a systematic review conducted based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) checklist. The databases used were the Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS) and the services of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) via PubMed, with the search strategies: "COVID-19" AND "Mental health";"COVID-19" AND "Mental health" AND "health personnel", in Portuguese and English, selecting observational and/or prevalence articles published from 2020 onwards. Result(s): The search resulted in the identification of 18,643 articles, and the final sample consisted of 9 articles. The most frequently evaluated symptoms were symptoms of depression, anxiety and insomnia in professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic period, predominantly female and mean age of 34.5 years. The average prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia was respectively 40.3%, 39.9% and 36.1%, measured in 8,866 health professionals. Health professionals working on the front line in the fight against Covid-19 had higher prevalence of common mental disorders in relation to other health professionals. Conclusion(s): The following were associated with a higher prevalence of CMD symptoms: female sex, frontline work, longer working hours, history of psychotropic medication use, inadequate working conditions, use of alcohol and tobacco, and work in the nursing field. The importance of mental health care strategies for health professionals is observed. Copyright © 2022, Editora Cientifica Nacional Ltda. All rights reserved.